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非谓语动词分词和不定式作状语的用法复习精析 1. 分词作状语 分词/adj（短语）作状语，（作用）是对谓语表示的动作或状态的说明；（含义）表示伴随，结果、方式，让步，时间，原因和条件等；其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致;常放在主句之前且用逗号与主句隔开；为强调时间，让步，方式或条件可在分词前加上when,while, if, though, as if 等连词，构成“连词+分词（省略部分多为 “主语 + be 的各种形式”）”；分词短语与主句之间不能用or/and/but等连接，用并列连词连接的是并列的句子，而分词短语只是全句的状语。 （1）现在分词作状语 现在分词的一般式即doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即having done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。 The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light. 太阳开始在空中升起，使山峦沐浴在金色光辉之中。 I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7∶30 train from Paddington. 那天我比平时到办公室的时间要早，因为我赶上了7∶30从Paddington来的火车。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前) 我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。 （2）过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。 Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful. 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。 Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。 2.不定式作状语 （1）表示目的 I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired. 由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。 （2）表示结果 不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前面常加only。 George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him. 乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。 1.The room is empty except for a bookshelf in one corner. A．standing B．to stand C．stands D．stood 2． at the cafeteria before，Tina didn't want to eat there again. A．Having eaten B．To eat C．Eat D．Eating 3．The sun began to rise in the sky， the mountain in golden light. A．bathed B．bathing C．to have bathed D．have bathed 4． how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. A．Hearing B．Hear C．Having heard D．To be hearing 5．Volunteering gives you a chance lives, including your own. A．change B．changing C．changed D．to change 6． the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A．Find B．Finding C．To find D．Found 7．Lionel Messi， the record for the most goals in a calendar year，is considered the most talented football player in Europe. A．set B．setting C．to set D．having set 8． basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A．Known B．Having known C．Knowing D．Being known 9．The witnesses by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. A．questioned B．being questioned C．to be questioned D．having questioned 10． which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice. A．Not knowing B．Knowing not C．Not known D．Knowing 
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